Maltese PM Joseph Muscat says European waters close to Africa are turning into a cemetery, after another boat laden with migrants capsized.
Mr Muscat said Malta felt "abandoned" by the rest of Europe and insisted that the EU had to take action.
Malta and Italy launched a rescue operation after a boat capsized on Friday, leaving up to 50 people dead.
It happened 120km (70 miles) off Lampedusa, the Italian island where at least 300 migrants drowned last week.
The loss of life has renewed the debate within EU member states on migration rules.
In the latest incident, the vessel carrying more than 200 migrants is believed to have encountered difficulties in Maltese waters just before sunset on Friday.
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Joseph Muscat
Rules need to change, whether they are tighter or looser is not the issue, the fact is that this thing is broken and it needs to be fixed”
Maltese PM Joseph Muscat
The migrants used a satellite phone to raise the alarm but the boat capsized when passengers crowded to one side as they tried to get the attention of a passing aircraft, the Maltese navy said.
Earlier on Friday, at least 500 other migrants travelling in separate boats were rescued in coastguard operations near the Italian island of Sicily.
Also on Friday, a separate boat accident off the Egyptian port of Alexandria claimed the lives of at least 12 migrants.
Egyptian security officials said 116 people, mostly Palestinians and Syrians, were pulled from the water.
Mr Muscat said prompt action between Malta and Italy had saved lives, but he complained that "from the European side we have heard only talk, empty talk really".
"Right now politicians are thinking about tightening or loosening migration rules. In our case our main concern is these people at sea," he said.
"We feel abandoned by Europe. I don't know how many more people need to die at sea before something gets done. We will make sure our voice is heard during the next European Council. Rules need to change, whether they are tighter or looser is not the issue, the fact is that this thing is broken and it needs to be fixed."
"Helicopters rescued 120 people"
Mr Muscat added: "As things stand we are building a cemetery within our Mediterranean Sea."
After last week's tragedy off Lampedusa the European Commission called for the EU to launch Mediterranean-wide search and rescue patrols to intercept migrant boats.
The EU's Frontex border agency, set up in 2004, has seen its budget cut from 118m euros (£100m; $160m) in 2011 to 85m euros in 2013.
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Italy has previously appealed to EU states for help in coping with the thousands of illegal migrants who wash up on its shores every year.
The BBC's Matthew Price, in Lampedusa, says European leaders face a quandary as they struggle to balance political pressures to restrict migrant numbers with the need to assist those desperate enough to risk such a perilous journey.
Lampedusa, 290km (180 miles) off the North African coast, is a key destination for migrant vessels bound for Europe.
Tens of thousands attempt the perilous crossing to Lampedusa, Sicily and other Italian islands each year.
The latest rescue operation swung into action after the Maltese air force spotted the boat and alerted Italian naval vessels still in the area after last Thursday's disaster.
Helicopters were used to lift many to safety but nightfall hampered the rescue operation.
Children among dead
The nationalities of the migrants were not immediately known. At least 33 people were confirmed dead, with one reports estimating the death toll at 50.
Mr Muscat's office said 147 survivors had been picked up by a Maltese patrol boat and were being taken to Malta. Another 56 had been saved by Italian crews.
The prime minister said the dead included three small children.
Cecilia Malmstrom, the EU Commissioner for Home Affairs, praised the swift Italian and Maltese rescue effort, which she said had helped reduce the potential death toll.
She said in a statement that she was following the operation with "sadness and anxiety".
"These new horrible events are happening while we still have the shocking images of the tragedy in Lampedusa in our minds," she added.
Mr Muscat said Malta felt "abandoned" by the rest of Europe and insisted that the EU had to take action.
Malta and Italy launched a rescue operation after a boat capsized on Friday, leaving up to 50 people dead.
It happened 120km (70 miles) off Lampedusa, the Italian island where at least 300 migrants drowned last week.
The loss of life has renewed the debate within EU member states on migration rules.
In the latest incident, the vessel carrying more than 200 migrants is believed to have encountered difficulties in Maltese waters just before sunset on Friday.
Continue reading the main story
“Start Quote
Joseph Muscat
Rules need to change, whether they are tighter or looser is not the issue, the fact is that this thing is broken and it needs to be fixed”
Maltese PM Joseph Muscat
The migrants used a satellite phone to raise the alarm but the boat capsized when passengers crowded to one side as they tried to get the attention of a passing aircraft, the Maltese navy said.
Earlier on Friday, at least 500 other migrants travelling in separate boats were rescued in coastguard operations near the Italian island of Sicily.
Also on Friday, a separate boat accident off the Egyptian port of Alexandria claimed the lives of at least 12 migrants.
Egyptian security officials said 116 people, mostly Palestinians and Syrians, were pulled from the water.
Mr Muscat said prompt action between Malta and Italy had saved lives, but he complained that "from the European side we have heard only talk, empty talk really".
"Right now politicians are thinking about tightening or loosening migration rules. In our case our main concern is these people at sea," he said.
"We feel abandoned by Europe. I don't know how many more people need to die at sea before something gets done. We will make sure our voice is heard during the next European Council. Rules need to change, whether they are tighter or looser is not the issue, the fact is that this thing is broken and it needs to be fixed."
"Helicopters rescued 120 people"
Mr Muscat added: "As things stand we are building a cemetery within our Mediterranean Sea."
After last week's tragedy off Lampedusa the European Commission called for the EU to launch Mediterranean-wide search and rescue patrols to intercept migrant boats.
The EU's Frontex border agency, set up in 2004, has seen its budget cut from 118m euros (£100m; $160m) in 2011 to 85m euros in 2013.
map
Italy has previously appealed to EU states for help in coping with the thousands of illegal migrants who wash up on its shores every year.
The BBC's Matthew Price, in Lampedusa, says European leaders face a quandary as they struggle to balance political pressures to restrict migrant numbers with the need to assist those desperate enough to risk such a perilous journey.
Lampedusa, 290km (180 miles) off the North African coast, is a key destination for migrant vessels bound for Europe.
Tens of thousands attempt the perilous crossing to Lampedusa, Sicily and other Italian islands each year.
The latest rescue operation swung into action after the Maltese air force spotted the boat and alerted Italian naval vessels still in the area after last Thursday's disaster.
Helicopters were used to lift many to safety but nightfall hampered the rescue operation.
Children among dead
The nationalities of the migrants were not immediately known. At least 33 people were confirmed dead, with one reports estimating the death toll at 50.
Mr Muscat's office said 147 survivors had been picked up by a Maltese patrol boat and were being taken to Malta. Another 56 had been saved by Italian crews.
The prime minister said the dead included three small children.
Cecilia Malmstrom, the EU Commissioner for Home Affairs, praised the swift Italian and Maltese rescue effort, which she said had helped reduce the potential death toll.
She said in a statement that she was following the operation with "sadness and anxiety".
"These new horrible events are happening while we still have the shocking images of the tragedy in Lampedusa in our minds," she added.
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